Systemic Language Coaching
How to use a targeted and individual learning method for making the learning process enjoyable and effective.
Wie man eine gezielte und individuelle Lernmethode einsetzt, um den Lernprozess angenehm und effektiv zu gestalten.
1. What is important when learning a foreign language?
1. Was ist beim Erlernen einer Fremdsprache wichtig?
In her TED talk, Lýdia Machová, highlights the key issues when learning a language. These are:
- Find enjoyment in the process of learning a language
- Identify an effective method for learning a language
- Create a learning system which is practical in your daily context
Firstly, it is important to understand what she means with these key words “enjoyment, method and practical system”. To understand the basic principles of language learning it is useful to look at how the brain deals with this task. Firstly, there needs to be the language input through listening and reading. Secondly, the language needs to be remembered or memorized in the brain. Finally, the output leads to speaking and writing. This process is intrinsic and intuitive. However, there is one topic which is less understood. Memory works under certain conditions better than in others.
Mastin (2019) cited in The Human Memory (2019), describes the limbic system or our emotional brain (the hippocampus, the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus, etc.) as particularly relevant to the processing of memory. In other words, our memory is deeply connected to our emotions. Therefore, we remember our first kiss and not our first maths test, unless it was connected to positive feelings.
Communication is one of our primary functions like eating and staying healthy. Therefore, learning a language is important for our survival. There is a myth circulating that some people are more talented in learning languages than others. This perception is completely flawed. However, there are exceptions where people have communication and language disorders. However, more than 80% of the world population is able to learn languages.
2. What are the methods for learning a foreign language?
2. Welche Methoden gibt es zum Erlernen einer Fremdsprache?
“All roads lead to Rome”, (proverb), is applicable as there are many ways to learn a language. One method focuses more on targeted learning rather than standardised learning. It is less effective to just learn words from vocabulary lists or to absorb the rules of the language from grammar books. Clicking on the link below, Olly Richards has a compelling way to learn a language.
https://www.iwillteachyoualanguage.com/blog
Going back to the idea that memory is connected to our emotions, it is more effective to ask the following questions.
- Which parts do I enjoy when learning a language?
- Which topics are relevant in my context?
- Why is it important to learn the language?
- What is most interesting about the language?
Introduction to the SCRUM Model for language learning
Einführung in das SCRUM-Modell zum Sprachenlernen

Learning a language is like starting a new habit. For example, starting a habit of drinking a glass of water daily can easily become automatic. In contrast, starting the habit of doing a 10-minute workout before breakfast may take longer. For some people learning a language requires less effort and for some more. Therefore, using a middle value of 30 days for getting into the habit of learning a language is a useful measurement.
SCRUM as an agile development model, is a systematic process which can be equally useful for language learning. These are the process steps:
- Set up language learning goals – This can be done by using the GROW (Goal, Reality, Options, Will) model by Whitmore (20XX)
- Test whether goals are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound)
- Select the most important topic and start the sprint or the activity for 30 days.
- Allocate 10 to 15 minutes to daily sprints
- Complete the activity and review the success of the sprint
- Assess whether the topic has been memorized in the long-term memory, or decide whether the focus needs a new sprint.
- Pick up a new topic and start a new sprint for the next 30 days allocating 15 minutes per day to the activities.
The underlying approach to language learning will be based on three principles. These are – Step 1 listen to the new language. Step 2 remember the language by creating narrative stories. Hebb’s theory infers “neurons that fire together, wire together”, i.e. we cannot remember many facts, but we can remember a lot of experiences. Therefore, we need to create associations to new words and language topics. Step 3 speak the language with a human being and not with a machine. Communication was designed for humans and the communicative interaction with machines may lead to an inefficiency when using the language in practice
3. 7 steps to learning a language successfully
Step 1 : learning dimensions
3. 7 Schritte zum erfolgreichen Erlernen einer Sprache
Schritt 1 : Lerndimensionen

Understanding the difference between input learning vs output learning
Let’s understand how children learn a first or second language compared to adults. Children use the method called language acquisition and this is a natural and intuitive process. Adults use a learning method which focuses on consciously learning grammar rules, vocabulary from word lists. The result is children learn faster than adults. However, adults have the advantage of using strategic planning and therefore can work more efficiently. In this race the adults lose against the children for several reasons. Firstly, understanding complicated structures is very time-consuming and secondly, it needs a lot of effort. Therefore, it is useful to go back to the basic process structure of learning a language. Firstly, it is good practice to focus on the What, then on the How and finally on the Why. For example, the first question is to learn what needs to be done to understand the language and to speak it. This can be achieved by listening to the target language and by repeating, just like a child. Secondly, check with a language parent whether the sound and pronunciation are correct and finally ask why words are structured in a certain way.
Step 2 Input learning – listening, reading
Schritt 2 Input-Lernen - Hören, Lesen, Lesen
For this discussion the correlation that reading leads to writing is left out. For the time being the focus is to promote the first step to go from listening, to remembering and finally to speaking.
How do we improve input learning?
Julian Treasure in his book “Sound Business” (2007) offers a wonderful insight into how to listen to the language by using the acronym RASA which stands for: Receive, i.e. paying attention to the message; Appreciate, i.e. make little listening noises; Summarize, i.e. repeat important keywords from the message; Ask, i.e. ask follow-up questions. These are useful steps to practice listening skills.
Step 3 process – memory
Schritt 3 Prozess – Gedächtnis

Memory is the core function for any type of learning and there is no standard solution for a high memory efficiency approach. Therefore, it is very important to understand one’s personal preferences. For example, for most people, but not for all, remembering grammar rules is not an exciting activity and if the approach to language learning is predominantly focused on grammar then the process may become a nightmare. Therefore, the effect of learning a language in school for five years is worthless and in the end one is only able to say the alphabet. This clearly shows inefficiency in the methodology and it is a myth that some people are more talented in learn a language than others.
According to Hebb’s theory (1949), “neurons that fire together wire together” means that memory consists of neuro connections in the brain.
How do we improve our memory?
In general, we need to understand that learning in a narrative form is much easier than remembering words and phrases. The reason is that our working memory, which we use as a type of short-term memory, is only able to store very limited information. For example, I am only able to remember five to seven new words and I will forget them within 20 minutes if I do not repeat them on a regular basis. Moreover, our long-term memory is more in the emotional brain such as, for example, in the Hippocampus. This means the content has to be emotionally friendly, i.e. I need to feel good about it. When going through the language learning process I need to focus on the following topics:
For example, are the new words relevant and important in my context? Are the new words interesting and enjoyable in my context? If the answer is yes, then I have a good feeling and therefore I will remember many words. If not, then learning new words will become very exhausting and frustrating and then I will stop the learning process.
Step 4 Output learning
Schritt 4 Output-Lernen

Output learning, which is also referred to as language acquisition, focuses on using the language in context and creating sentences to describe ideas and opinions. The difference between learning the language and using the language is that learning is a conscious process which does not tolerate mistakes, and this requires great effort and therefore the learning process is very slow. In contrast, language acquisition focuses on the subconscious process which is a much faster approach. However, the intuitive method needs to tolerate a certain level of error making. Children are a good example of language acquisition in their first language. However, children need at least four years in their native language to start understanding the complexity of syntax. In contrast, adults may comprehend much faster the syntax in the second or third language.
How do we improve our output learning?
The best analogy is to compare learning a language with team sports. For example, playing tennis is more fun with a second person and passing the ball is visualizing a communicated message between at least two people. Sports only exist in action and this applies to language too. Producing the spoken language approximately 42 muscle are responsible for the verbalization and if they are not trained to produce the right sound the person becomes inaudible. Therefore, it is important to find a language partner for practicing speaking.
In order to sound authentic and effective good listening leads to efficient speaking, and reading leads to writing. Reading does not lead to efficient speaking because the auditory input is missing.
Step 5 structure – grammar
Schritt 5 Struktur - Grammatik
Former language education required a mastery of the grammar rules in order to work with the new language. However, there is also evidence indicating that children do not start by learning the grammar in their first language and they are able to fully master their language skills.
Do I need to know grammar, when and why?
It is not a guarantee to master a language by only learning the grammar. On the other hand, it is also useful to know the grammar rules in order to become efficient in the new language. Nobel prize winner, Daniel Kahneman, in his book “Thinking, Fast, and Slow (2011)” offers an insight into how we think. Grammar is a very thought intensive process and therefore it slows down the learning process. In other words, everything which is precise and accurate also is slow, whereas our intuition is very fast, but it also allows errors. Therefore, working with grammar is very effort-intensive and it requires a lot of energy. When we intuitively absorb the language through listening and repeating the new language, the content is automatically stored in our subconscious mind and as a result, we can communicate faster, but sometimes we make mistakes. There is no right or wrong about learning grammar and it should be understood not as an essential but as a useful activity in the process of learning a new language.
Step 6 improvement – growth vs fixed mindset
Verbesserung in Schritt 6 - Wachstum vs. feste Einstellung
This model for creating an awareness of my personal learning style will help me to understand whether I have a fixed-, or a growth mindset. World-renowned Stanford University psychologist, Carol Dweck, describes in her book, “mindset” (2017), the two principles. The fixed mindset focuses on existing knowledge, whereas the growth mindset wants to learn about new topics, experiences novelties and is willing to take risks. The fixed mindset is comfortable with the way things are and does not look for any changes, whereas the growth mindset looks for continuous improvements. The fixed mindset avoids effort and does not want to waste time with new ideas, whereas the growth mindset looks for challenges which further it in its development. The fixed mindset gives up quickly when there are any problems, whereas the growth mindset looks for new strategies when there is an unsolvable issue.
How do I improve my growth mindset?
In the language learning domain, a fixed mindset will stop the learning process from progressing because learning a language is a long-term process and not a short-term one. There are many hurdles, such as how to remember all these new words. However, with a growth mindset, there is an understanding that learning is good for the brain and the brain needs to be trained like any other physical muscle. We do understand that we cannot give up exercising once we’ve reached a certain proficiency, for example in tennis. Therefore, learning a language is one of the best exercises to keep the brain fit for life.
Step 7 Why we learn what we learn and nothing else.
Schritt 7 Warum wir lernen, was wir lernen und nichts anderes.
This is the most technical part in the language learning process when referreing to the principle of Donald Hebb, “Neurons that fire together, wire together”, (1949). Interconnected neurons create neural networks which store experiences and knowledge. The more we repeat an activity, the more it gets hard wired. This means if I repeat a certain language application on a regular basis it becomes intuitive and easy to access when interacting with another person. However, mistakes are equally stored, and it needs some time for the neurons to make the changes in the network and to build new memory connections. This is what we do when learning a language in our normal life.
How we learn is equally important to know. For example, a new memory connection is formed faster when neurons fire together. This means they get excited and therefore want to create a new memory connection. In practice if I hate grammar then there is only activity in the brain resisting the memorizing of grammar. In this case, it makes no sense working against biology. The better strategy is to identify what makes the neurons fire together. There are various options starting from visualizing the language, using playful activities or finding a like-minded language partner. The best advice is to identify what works best for oneself and then look for the right solution. Do not trap yourself in following traditional practices which feel both uncomfortable and boring.
4. CEFR language assessment test
4. CEFR Sprachbewertungstest
5. What will be learned and practiced during the language coaching and training sessions?
5. Was wird während des Sprachcoachings und der Trainingseinheiten gelernt und geübt?
Throughout the coaching and training there will be several cycles for evaluating the process of understanding various language learning topics as well as one’s own language learning methods. Secondly, analysing one’s performance and the impact on others when speaking English as a foreign language. Finally, identifying personal strategies for learning more effectively. Throughout the coaching and training real life issues will be discussed with the peer group and continual feedback loops will enhance self-confidence in mastering the art of speaking a second language without hesitation. The main focus during the coaching and training will be on learning in action, therefore, the title “Performance Based Training”.